[오스트리아 제국 내 폴란드- 리스트의 제자]Albert Franz Doppler

Albert Franz Doppler

Franz Doppler, 1853

Franz and Karl Doppler

Albert Franz Doppler (16 October 1821 – 27 July 1883), was a flute virtuoso and a composer best known for his flute music. He also wrote one German and several Hungarian operas for Budapest,

all produced with great success. His ballet music was popular during his lifetime.

Doppler was born in Poland in Lemberg (Austrian Empire), now Lviv, Ukraine. From 1828 to 1831, he received flute lessons from his father, Joseph Doppler, who was an oboist, and made his debut as a flautist at the age of 13. He formed a flute duo with his brother Karl, four years younger, who mainly wrote songs and incidental music, and as a duo they caused quite a sensation throughout Europe. They toured and both became members of the orchestra of the German Theatre, Budapest, in 1838 and both moved to the Hungarian National Theatre in 1841. There, five of Franz's operas were staged with success. Franz and Karl continued to make regular tours of Europe and helped found the Hungarian Philharmonic Orchestra in 1853. At the age of 18 Franz was the first flautist at the opera in Budapest, and he went on to be the first flautist and stand-in conductor, and eventually chief conductor, of the Vienna Court Opera, as well as acquiring a position of Professor of Flute at the Vienna Conservatoire from 1864 until 1867. He died in Baden bei Wien, Austria.

Doppler composed chiefly for the flute, as well as opera (a style that is prominent even in his showpieces for flute), composing many pieces including concertos, showpieces, and many flute duets, to be played by himself and his brother Karl. His music contains aspects of Russian and Hungarian music. His operas included Judith (his only German opera), and a Russian work entitled Benyovsky. He wrote seven operas and fifteen ballets in total (which were quite popular in their time) and was a brilliant orchestrator.

He is also known for the orchestral arrangements of six of Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsodies published under his name. He was a student of Liszt, and Liszt set Doppler the exercise of orchestrating six Rhapsodies. Every single bar of these orchestrations was revised by Liszt upon publication, but he allowed Doppler's name to remain on the title page. (Liszt frequently bestowed such help to his students, which gave rise to the notion that he did not or could not orchestrate his own works)

1821년에 오스트리아 제국의 폴란드 렘베르크(Lemberg)에서 출생하여 1883년 빈 교외의  Baden bei Wien에서 일생을 마감한 플루트 연주자겸 작곡가이다. 오보에 연주자였던 부친에게서 1829년부터 음악을 배웠으며 18세에는 부다페스트시의 오페라 악단에서 플루트 연주자 생활을 하였다. 프란츠 도플러와 칼 도플러 형제는 플루트 듀엣으로 무대에 자주 섰다. 형 도플러의 곡은 플루트 듀엣곡이 대부분으로, 그 중 ‘헝가리 전원 환상곡’이 유명하다. 1847년부터 1858년까지 부다페스트 가극장 관현악단의 수석 플루트 연주자로 있었고, 1858년에는 빈가극장 관현악단의 플루트 연주자가 되었으며 동시에 발레의 지휘자를 겸하게 되었다. 이때 슈베르트와 친구 사이가 되었다. 1865년 빈 음악원 플루트과의 교수가 되어 1867년까지 그곳에서 학생을 가르쳤다. 도플러의 이름은 다른 곳에서도 찾아볼 수 있다. 프란쯔 리스트의 헝가리 광시곡 설명을 읽어보면. 도플러가 리스트의 제자이기도 해서 헝가리 광시곡을 함께 오케스트레이션 한 것으로도 알려져 있다. 즉, 리스트가 피아노 곡으로 작곡된 헝가리 광시곡 중에서 마음에 드는 6곡을 골라 제자 도플러의 협력을 얻어 관현악 편곡한 것이다. 7곡의 오페라 외에 많은 발레음악, 서곡, 플루트 협주곡 등을 작곡하였으며, 대표작으로는 보헤미안 모티브에 의한 프라하의 추억(Souvenir de Prague sur des motifs bohemiens) Op.24, 헝가리 전원 환상곡(Fantasie pastorale hongroise) Op. 26 등이 있다.

Doppler Souvenir de Prague Op.24

Flautas: Marta Femenía y Antonio Arias / Piano: Gerardo López Laguna