[폴란드] 얀 마테이코[Jan Matejko]

Jan Matejko
Jan Matejko, before 1883
Born	Jan Mateyko 24 June 1838 Free City of Kraków
Died	1 November 1893(1893-11-01) (aged 55) Kraków, Austria–Hungary
Resting place	Rakowicki Cemetery
Nationality	Polish
Education	School of Fine Arts, Kraków Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
Known for	Painting, drawing
Notable work	Battle of Grunwald Stańczyk The Prussian Homage The Hanging of the Sigismund bell
Movement	History painting
Spouse(s)	Teodora Matejko

Jan Alojzy Matejko was a Polish painter known for paintings of notable historical Polish political and military events.^[2][3] His works include large oil on canvas paintings like Rejtan (1866), Union of Lublin (1869) or Battle of Grunwald (1878), numerous portraits, a gallery of Polish kings, and murals in St. Mary's Basilica, Kraków. He is referred to as the most famous Polish painter or even the "national painter" of Poland.^[2][3][4]

Matejko spent most of his life in Kraków. His teachers at the Kraków Academy of Fine Arts included Wojciech Korneli Stattler and Władysław Łuszczkiewicz. Later, he became a director at this institution, which eventually was renamed the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts. A number of his students became prominent painters themselves, including Maurycy Gottlieb, Jacek Malczewski, Józef Mehoffer and Stanisław Wyspiański.

생애: 1838년 6월 24일 출생(폴란드 크라쿠프), 1893년 11월 1일 사망(폴란드 크라쿠프)
예술양식: 낭만주의, 연극적 요소, 음울한 조명, 깔끔한 세부묘사, 풍부한 색감, 폴란드 역사에 기반한 서사적인 장면들, 폴란드 전설에서 영감을 얻은 스탄치크의 이미지


[Jan Matejko, Self-portrait, 1892]

조국 폴란드의 몰락, 타국의 침략에 대한 항거, 그리고 이러한 주요한 사건 중에 일어난 그의 형제의 죽음은 이 폴란드 최고의 화가에게 풍부한 영감을 제공해주었다. 얀 마테이코의 기념비적인 역사화 연작을 통해 폴란드의 상황을 이야기했다. 또한 그는 걸작 <스탄치크>에서 폴란드의 전통적인 어릿광대 복장을 입고 어두운 표정으로 앉아 있는 인물로 자신을 그려 넣음으로써, 자신을 해설자로서 표현했다.





[Portrait of Matejko's father, Franciszek, and three of his children. An early work of Matejko from 1853]

마테이코 작품은 폴란드에서 엄청난 인기를 끌었지만, 폴란드의 특정 정치인에 대한 공개비판으로 그의 대중적 인기는 사그라졌다. 그의 후기작품들이 어느 정도 순화되긴 했지만, 마테이코는 여전히 폴란드의 국가적 아이콘으로 남았으며, 성공을 꿈꾸는 후대의 폴란드 미술가들에게 끊임없는 영감을 주고 있다. AK[마로니에북스]

Portrait of the artist's four children. A late work of Matejko from 1879

Kraków Academy of Fine Arts named after Matejko in 1979, where he served as president of many years

Matejko's tomb

Over 80 painters have been Matejko's students at some point, many influenced during his tenure as the director of the Kraków School of Fine Arts, and are referred to as members of "Matejko School".^[23][40] Prominent among them are Maurycy Gottlieb,^[40] Ephraim Moses Lilien,^[41] Jacek Malczewski,^[40] Józef Mehoffer,^[40] Antoni Piotrowski,^[40] Witold Pruszkowski,^[40] Leon Wyczółkowski,^[40] and Stanisław Wyspiański.^[40]

• 

  Samuel Zborowski on his way to his execution. Sketch by Jan Matejko

• 

  Zamoyski on his way to declare Zborowski's death sentence. Sketch by Jan Matejko

• 

  Blind Veit Stoss with granddaughter by Jan Matejko (1865), National Museum in Warsaw

Selected works

The following is a selected list of Matejko's works, in chronological order.

#	Title	Year	Technique and size	Location	Illustration
1.	Carowie Szujscy przed Zygmuntem III (The Shuysky Princes before King Sigismund III)	1853	oil on canvas 75.5 cm × 109 cm	National Museum in Wrocław
2.	Stańczyk	1862	oil on canvas 120 × 88 cm	National Museum, Warsaw
3.	Kazanie Skargi (Skarga's Sermon)	1864	oil on canvas 224 × 397 cm	Royal Castle, Warsaw
4.	Rejtan	1866	oil on canvas 282 × 487 cm	Royal Castle, Warsaw
5.	Alchemik Sędziwój (Alchemist Sendivogius)	1867	oil on canvas 73 × 130 cm	Museum of Arts in Łódź
6.	Unia Lubelska (Union of Lublin)	1869	oil on canvas 298 cm × 512 cm	Lublin Museum
7.	Stefan Batory pod Pskowem (Stefan Batory at Pskov)	1872	oil on canvas 322 × 545 cm	Royal Castle, Warsaw
8.	Astronom Kopernik, czyli rozmowa z Bogiem (Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God)	1873	oil on canvas 225 × 315 cm	Collegium Novum
9.	Zawieszenie dzwonu Zygmunta (The Hanging of the Sigismund bell)	1874	oil on wood 94 × 189 cm	National Museum, Warsaw
10.	Śmierć króla Przemysła II (Death of King Przemysł II)	1875		Modern Gallery in Zagreb
11.	Bitwa pod Grunwaldem (Battle of Grunwald)	1878	oil on canvas 426 × 987 cm	National Museum, Warsaw
12.	Polonia - Rok 1863 (Polonia - year 1863)	1879	oil on canvas 156 × 232 cm	Czartoryski Museum, Kraków
13.	Hołd pruski (The Prussian Homage)	1880-82	oil on canvas 388 × 875 cm	National Museum, Kraków
14.	Jan III Sobieski pod Wiedniem (John III Sobieski at Vienna)	1883		Vatican Museums
15.	Wernyhora	1883-84	oil on canvas 290 × 204 cm	National Museum, Kraków
16.	Założenie Akademii Lubrańskiego w Poznaniu (Founding of the Lubrański Academy in Poznań)	1886		National Museum, Poznań
17.	Dziewica Orleańska (Maid of Orléans)	1886	oil on canvas 484 x 973 cm	National Museum, Poznań
18.	Bitwa pod Racławicami (Battle of Racławice)	1888	oil on canvas 450 × 890 cm	National Museum, Kraków
19.	cycle Dzieje cywilizacji w Polsce (History of civilization in Poland)	1888-1889
20.	Chrzest Litwy (Baptism of Lithuania)	1888	oil on canvas 60 × 115.5 cm	National Museum, Warsaw
21.	Zaprowadzenie chrześcijaństwa (Introduction of Christianity [to Poland])	1889	oil on wood 79 × 120 cm	National Museum, Warsaw
22.	cycle Poczet królów i książąt polskich (Fellowship of the kings and princes of Poland)	1890-1892
23.	Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791 r. (Constitution of 3 May 1791)	1891	oil on canvas 247 cm × 446 cm	Royal Castle, Warsaw
24.	Carowie Szujscy przed Zygmuntem III (The Shuysky Princes before King Sigismund III)	1892	oil on wood 42 cm × 63 cm	Jan Matejko House in Kraków
25.	Self-portrait (Autoportret)	1892	oil on canvas 160 cm × 110 cm	National Museum, Warsaw
26.	Śluby Jana Kazimierza (Oath of Jan Kazimierz)	1893	oil on wood 315 cm × 500 cm	National Museum, Wrocław

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