Dvořák's - 교향시(symphonic poems )전곡(5곡)

Antonín Dvořák

(1841~1904/63세) 

 

Symphonic poems

 

Dvořák's symphonic poems (tone poems) are among his most original symphonic works.^[100] He wrote five symphonic poems, all in 1896–1897, and they have sequential opus numbers: The Water Goblin, Op. 107; The Noon Witch, Op. 108; The Golden Spinning Wheel, Op. 109; The Wild Dove, Op. 110; and A Hero's Song, Op. 111. The first four of these works are based upon ballads from the collection Kytice by the Czech folklorist Karel Jaromír Erben. A Hero's Song is based on a program of Dvořák's devising and is believed to

be autobiographical.^[101]

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Water Goblin(물의 요정) Op. 107

 

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The Water Goblin (Czech: Vodník; initially published by N. Simrock with the English

title The Water-Fay) is a symphonic poem, Op. 107 (B. 195), written by Antonín Dvořák in 1896.

The source of inspiration for The Water Goblin was a poem found in a collection published by Karel Jaromír Erben under the title Kytice. Four of the six symphonic poems

that Dvořák composed were inspired by works of poetry found in that collection

 

Poem

Vodník tells a story in four parts of a mischievous water goblin who traps drowning

souls in upturned teacups.^[1][2]

• A water goblin is sitting on a poplar by the lake, singing to the moon and sewing a green coat and red boots for his wedding soon to come.
• A mother tells her daughter of a dream she had about clothing her daughter in white robes swirling like foaming water and with pearls of tears hiding deep distress around her neck. She feels this dream was a presentiment and warns her daughter not to go to the lake. Despite the mother's warnings, the daughter is drawn to the lake as if possessed and leaves for the lake to do her laundry. The moment she hands down her first garment into the water, the bridge on which she was sitting collapses. As the water engulfs her she is abducted by the malevolent water goblin who lives there.
• He takes her to his underwater castle and marries her with black crayfish for the groomsmen and fishes for her bridesmaids. After the birth of their first child, the abducted wife sings it a lullaby, which enrages the water goblin. She tries to calm him down and pleads to be allowed ashore to visit her mother once. He gives in on three conditions: She is not to embrace a single soul, not even her mother; she has to leave the baby behind as a hostage; and she will return by the bells of the evening vespers.
• The reunion of mother and daughter is very sad but full of love. When evening falls the distraught mother keeps her daughter and forbids her to go even when the bells are ringing. The water goblin becomes angry, forsakes his lair in the lake and thumps on the door ordering the girl to go with him because his dinner has to be made. When the mother tells him to go away and eat whatever he has for dinner in his lair, he knocks again, saying his bed needs to be made. Again the mother tells him to leave them alone, after which the goblin says their child is hungry and crying. To this plea the mother tells him to bring the child to them. In a furious rage the goblin returns to the lake and through the shrieking storm screams that pierce the soul are heard. The storm ends with a loud crash that stirs up the mother and her daughter. When opening the door the mother finds a tiny head without a body and a tiny body without a head lying in their blood on the doorstep of her hut.

Composition

Dvořák's symphonic piece, which is written in the form of a rondo,^[3] follows Erben's

written verses remarkably closely; in many places the text fits literary to Dvořák's music.^[4] This may well be a result of the fact that Dvořák derived his themes from

putting Erben's words to music. This way Dvořák produced 7 themes, mostly four bars long for this symphonic poem.

 

First the water goblin is introduced with a four bar theme starting three repeated

notes. These three repeats prove to be vital for the whole composition: Most other

themes start with three repeats, the timpani gives a three beat rhythm to the section where the girl wants to go to the lake, the church bells ring three times each at eight o'clock, the water goblin knocks three times on the door.

 

Second the daughter is introduced with a lovely innocent theme, where the triangle

gives her a sparkling twinkle in her eyes. However nice this theme may sound the

basis is the same three repeat that formed the basis for the goblin theme. The great

difference is in the way they are played: the goblin is in a staccato form presented,

where all three notes are short and distinctive of sound, and the girl has a legato played theme, where the three notes are played long, and almost glide over in each other.

 

The third theme introduces the mother with a suspense theme in b minor which makes the mood even more sad. Again her theme starts with three notes, though the rhythm

of the notes is turned around. The suspense is formed by the chromatism in the secondary theme. Later on Dvořák uses these two themes the other way around, as if the secondary theme becomes the primary, and primary the secondary.^[5]

 

The next section Dvořák changes from the minor to the B major key to indicate the

persistent state of mind of the daughter when she heads off to the lake. In this section an important role has been given to the timpani, who play a solo, even though its to be played less loud then the rest of the orchestra.^[6] They again play the three note

repeats, but Dvořák makes a variation on it as well. He changes from three 8th notes

to five 16th notes and back and forth and so on. He might have wanted to show the spell the daughter is under, but for sure it makes the coming apocalypse more vivid then

if he had only used the original 3 beats. This section ends with a ritardando (slow down), so the listener is prepared for a sudden fast and short swirl in the violins when the bridge cracks.

 

The next section starts with a sudden E-C-G chord, as the girl hits the water. Dvořák changes key back to b minor for the water goblin theme, and he speeds up the tempo to a lively allegro vivo, which depicts the swirling waters engulfing the girl, for which Dvořák uses as well the Russian device of a descending whole tone scale^[7][8] and the

diabolic delight of the water goblin.^[9]

 

The Water Goblin is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, 4 horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, 2 tubas, timpani, bass drum,

cymbals, triangle, tam-tam, bells and strings.

 

The work had its full public premiere in London on 14 November 1896. It had received a semi-public performance on 1 June 1896 at the Prague Conservatory under Antonín Bennewitz.^{[10]  <영여위키백과>}

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The Noon Witch(정오의 마녀) Op. 108, B. 196

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Concertwith the Bogota Philharmonic Orchestra.
Conductor Daniel Erazo-Muñoz

 

The Noon Witch (or The Noonday Witch; Czech: Polednice), Op. 108, B. 196, is a symphonic poem

written in 1896 by Antonín Dvořák which was inspired by the Karel Jaromír Erben poem Polednice

from the collection Kytice. Polednice is based on the noon demon "Lady Midday" of Slavic mythology.

It is one of a set of late orchestral works inspired by national themes which were written after his

return to his native Bohemia from the United States.

 

"Lady Midday" Synopsis

A mother warns her son that if he does not behave she will summon the Noon Witch to take him away.

He does not behave, and the witch arrives at the stroke of noon. The witch, described as a horrible

creature, demands the child. The mother, terrified that the witch has actually come, grabs her son,

and the witch begins chasing them. Finally the mother faints, grasping her child. Later that day,

the father arrives home, and finds his wife passed out with the dead body of their son in her arms.

The mother had accidentally smothered their child, while protecting him from the witch. The story ends

with the family's lament over the terrible event.

Composition

The piece is scored for the standard nineteenth-century symphony orchestra with the addition of a bass clarinet and tubular bell.

Dvořák's music follows the story closely and the orchestration is often used to illustrate characters and events: the oboe and bass clarinet are used to depict the misbehaving child and the witch respectively, whilst twelve strokes of a bell signal the coming of noon. During the witch's chase, the music alternates between two different time signatures as a further dramatic device.

A semi-public performance was given at the Prague Conservatory on 3 June 1896 under Antonín Bennewitz. Its first full public première was on 21 November 1896, in London, under the baton of Henry Wood.^[1] The piece lasts about 13 minutes.  <위키영어백과>

 

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Golden Spinning Wheel(금빛 물레) Op. 09

Janácek Philharmonic Orchestra, Theodore Kuchar

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Tomas Netopil conducts Dvorak's Zlatý Kolovrat op. 109 (The Golden Spinning-wheel).

Tomas Netopil is represendted worldwide by IAAC Kulturmanagement GmbH. http://www.netopil.net

 

The Golden Spinning Wheel (Czech: Zlatý kolovrat), Op. 109, B. 197, is a symphonic poem for orchestra

by Antonín Dvořák, composed from January to April of 1896. The work is inspired by the poem of the same name found in Kytice, a collection of folk ballads by Karel Jaromír Erben.

A semi-public performance was given at the Prague Conservatory on 3 June 1896 conducted by Antonín Bennewitz. Its first fully public premiere was in London on 26 October 1896, under the baton of Hans Richter.^[1]

It is scored for piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, cor anglais, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns,

2 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, harp, and strings. A typical performance lasts approximately 27 minutes.

• 1 Story
• 2 Selected discography
• 3 References
• 4 External links

 

Story

While out riding, a king happens upon a young lady, Dornička, and falls in love with her. He asks her step-mother to bring her to his castle. The step-mother and step-sister set off towards the king's castle with Dornička. on the way, they murder her, hack off her feet and hands, and cut out her eyes. The step-sister

poses as Dornička and marries the king, after which he is called away to battle.

Meanwhile, in the forest, a magician finds Dornička's remains and decides to bring her back to life. He sends a page to the castle to persuade the step-sister to part with "two feet" in return for a golden spinning wheel, "two hands" for a golden distaff, and "two eyes" for a golden spindle. The body complete again, the magician brings Dornička back to life.

The king returns from battle and hears the golden spinning wheel tell the gruesome details of Dornička's murder. The king goes off into the forest to be reunited with her.

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Wood Dove(야생비둘기) Op. 110

Janácek Philharmonic Orchestra, Theodore Kuchar

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Concert 'Belgian Design' van het Symfonieorkest Vlaanderen o.l.v. Fabrice Bollon (november 2012)

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A Hero's Song(영웅의 노래)  Op. 111

Janácek Philharmonic Orchestra, Theodore Kuchar

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Round Top Festival Institute
Saturday July 14, 2012
Texas Festival Orchestra
Charles Olivieri-Munroe, conductor

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