[독일-베토벤보다 20년 먼저 태어난 음악가]Johann Franz Xaver Sterkel

Johann Franz Xaver Sterkel

(3 December 1750 in Würzburg – 12 October 1817 in Würzburg)

was a German composer and pianist in the 18th century. 

He was educated at the University of Würzburg and in 1778 he became chaplain and musician at the court in Mainz. He lived in Regensburg (from 1802–1810), then in Aschaffenburg, and finally retired to Würzburg in 1815.

At first Sterkel was an organist in Neumünster. In 1774 he was ordained a priest. He moved to Mainz and became court chaplain, but toured Italy as a pianist from 1779 to 1782. After a visit to Italy in 1782, where he met Padre Martini, he returned to Mainz, becoming music director to the Electoral orchestra in 1793.

From 1793 to 1797 he was court Kapellmeister at Mainz. When the chapel was disbanded he went to Würzburg, Regensburg and later Aschaffenburg, where he served the Grand Duke of Frankfurt.

From 1810 to 1814, as a prolific and successful composer he wrote mostly instrumental music, including symphonies and concertos, chamber works with keyboard solo, piano sonatas and piano duets.

Many of the sonatas have a lyricism and loose-knit structure pointing towards Franz Schubert. Among his vocal works are an Italian opera (1782, Naples), Italian arias, songs and ensembles and German lieder. His works as well as his distinctive playing style (which impressed Beethoven in 1791) contributed to the development of a pianistic idiom.

Works

• opera Farnace (1782);
• 24 symphonies, two overtures for orchestra;
• six piano concertos;
• string quintet, piano quartet, six string trios, six duos for violin and viola;
• sonatas for piano solo and duet, piano pieces, variations;
• German songs, Italian canzonets; vocal duets.
  

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In 1791, a contingent from the Bonn Court Orchestra paid a visit to the court orchestra of Mainz and its Kapellmeister, Johann Franz Xaver Sterkel (1750-1817). Included in the group were the father of Ferdiand Ries, the future music publisher Nicolaus Simrock, the Romberg cousins and a 20 year old Ludwig van Beethoven. Although not everyone was taken with Sterkel’s musicianship, young Beethoven was.

Sterkel’s well-known meeting with Beethoven, as reported by Simrock and Wegeler (see Schiedermair), occurred early in 1791. Sterkel played one of his own sonatas, accompanied by Andreas Romberg on the violin. Beethoven was reluctant to perform in turn, and was challenged to play his own demanding Righini variations ,

which had recently been published; he played those that he remembered and improvised additional ones, successfully imitating throughout the distinctive light, graceful performing style just displayed by Sterkel.