♣ 미술(美術) 마당 ♣/- 화가[畵家]

[스웨덴]Anders Zorn

Bawoo 2019. 10. 4. 23:34

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Anders Zorn
Anders Zorn 1908.jpg
Anders Zorn 1908
Born
Anders Leonard Zorn

(1860-02-18)18 February 1860
Mora, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
Died22 August 1920(1920-08-22) (aged 60)
Stockholm, Sweden
NationalitySwedish
EducationRoyal Swedish Academy of Arts, Stockholm
Known forPainting
Sculpture
Printmaker in etching
Spouse(s)Emma Lamm
Anders Zorn signature
Anders and Emma Zorn around 1885.
Reveil (Awakening), the artist's wife
Sommarnöje, 1886. Sweden's priciest painting ever; sold at 26 million SEK on June 3, 2010.
Emma Zorn, reading, 1887


Anders Leonard Zorn (Swedish pronunciation: [²anːdɛʂ ˈsoːɳ] (About this soundlisten); 18 February 1860 – 22 August 1920) was one of Sweden's foremost artists. He obtained international success as a painter, sculptor, and etcher.[1][2]

Among Zorn's portrait subjects were King Oscar II of Sweden, and three American Presidents, Grover Cleveland, William H. Taft, and Theodore Roosevelt.

At the end of his life, he established the Swedish literary Bellman Prize in 1920.



19세기말에 유럽 최고의 풍속화가 및 초상화가의 한 사람으로 국제적 명성을 떨쳤다. 소른은 스톡홀름 아카데미에서 공부한 후 유럽 각지를 두루 여행했다. 영국·프랑스·미국 등지에서 작업을 하다가 1896년에 모라로 돌아왔다. 그는 수채 및 유채로 인상주의적 풍경화와 초상화를 그렸으며, 목욕하는 시골 여인을 소재로 한 그림들에서 보여준 힘찬 화풍으로 명성을 떨쳤다. 특히 쭉쭉 뻗은 평행선들로 이루어진 에칭 작품들은 그의 작품 가운데 가장 뛰어난 것으로 손꼽힌다. 또한 그는 조각가이기도 했다.




Biography[edit]

Zorn was born and raised on his grandparents' farm in Yvraden, a hamlet near the village of Utmeland in the parish of Mora, Dalarna.[3] He studied until the age of twelve in the school at Mora Strand before progressing in the autumn of 1872 to a secondary grammar school in Enköping.

From 1875 to 1880 Zorn studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in Stockholm, where he amazed his teachers with his talent.[2] Members of Stockholm society approached him with commissions. This was how Zorn met his wife, Emma Lamm, early in 1881. Her background was different from Zorn's. Coming from a wealthy Jewish merchant family, she was interested in art and culture. Zorn traveled extensively to London, Paris, the Balkans, Spain, Italy and the United States, becoming an international success as one of the most acclaimed painters of his era.[1] It was primarily his skill as a portrait painter that gained Zorn international acclaim based principally upon his incisive ability to depict the individual character of his model.[1] His subjects included three American Presidents, one of whom was Grover Cleveland in 1899, as well as his wife, along with William H. Taft and Theodore Roosevelt. At 29, he was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur at the Exposition Universelle 1889 Paris World Fair.[4]

Collection[edit]

Zorn's art made him wealthy and he was thus able to build up a considerable collection of art. The objects were not only bought in his native country but also during the many travels he made abroad. In their joint will, Anders and Emma Zorn donated their entire holdings to the Swedish State.

Some of his most important works can be seen at the National Museum of Fine Arts (Swedish: Nationalmuseum) in Stockholm. Among them is Midsummer Dance (1897), a depiction of dancers in the evening light of a rural Midsummer's Eve celebration. Other museums holding major works by Zorn include the Musée d'Orsay in Paris, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. The Zorn Collections (Swedish:Zornsamlingarna) located in Mora and Garberg, Älvdalen, consist of four museums dedicated to the life and works of Anders Zorn. The main museum – Zornmuseet – was designed by Ragnar Östberg and opened in 1939. Shown there are extensive works of Zorn and his collected art by Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn, 'The Hovingham Master' (Poussin's follower), Bruno Liljefors, Albert Edelfelt, and Pehr Hilleström.

The Bellman Prize (Bellmanpriset) is a literature prize for "an outstanding Swedish poet", every year awarded by the Swedish Academy. The prize was established by Anders Zorn and his wife Emma in 1920.[6][7]

Zorngården[edit]

In 1886, Anders Zorn and his wife Emma, bought land close to Mora church and here they moved a cottage from his maternal grandfather's farm. When Anders and Emma Zorn decided to return to Sweden after several years abroad, they began to enlarge the cottage. Zorngården[8] was completed in 1910.

Zorngården remains today much as it was at the time of Emma Zorn's death in 1942. It is a fine example of an artist's home from the turn of the century. With inspiration from English and Swedish architecture, it is today an excellent example of the architectural freedom that characterizes the years around 1900.

Anders Zorn's atelier at his house, Zorngården in Mora

The main part of Zorngården consists of Zorn's home and a museum with his art, but there are two other museums that also are part of the Zorn Collections. Gammelgården is in the southern part of Mora and consists of some 40 timber houses that Zorn bought to make sure that the old art of building such houses would not be forgotten. Gopsmor, Zorn's refuge when under stress, is in the municipality of Älvdalen and is only open for visitors in July.[9]

  • Self Portraits

  • Self portrait, undated

  • Self portrait, 1882

  • Self Portrait with Model, 1896

  • Self Portrait with Fur, 1915

  • Self Portrait with Hat 1907

  • Self-portrait in red, 1915

  • Self Portrait with Faun and Nymph (before 1920)

Paintings[edit]

While his early works were often brilliant, luminous watercolors, by 1887 he had switched firmly to oils. Zorn was a prolific artist. He became an international success as one of the most acclaimed portrait painters of his era. His sitters included three American Presidents, nobility, the Swedish king and queen and numerous members of high society. Zorn also painted portraits of family members, friends, and self-portraits. Zorn is also famous for his nude paintings.[1] His fondness of painting full-figured women gave rise to the terms Zorn's kulla or dalakulla, an unmarried woman or girl from Dalecarlia, as the women were called in the local dialect of the region Zorn lived.

  • Nudes

  • Freya, 1901

  • Woman bathing at Sandhamn, 1906

  • Woman in a boat, 1917

  • In the bedroom, 1918

  • Studio Idyll, 1918

The paintings have the freedom and energy of sketches, using warm and cool light and shade areas[1] with contrasting areas of warm and cool tones, and an understanding of colour contrasts and reflected lights. Zorn's accomplished use of the brush allows the forms and the texture of the painted subject to reflect and transmit light. In addition to portraits and nudes, Zorn excelled in realistic depictions of water, as well as scenes depicting rustic life and customs.

Zorn's palette[edit]

Zorn is known to use a basic color palette consisting of Lead White (Flake White), Yellow Ochre, Vermilion and Ivory Black. This limited color palette shows tremendous range in terms of color mixing. A large variety of tonal ranges are possible to mix and considered as a very important development for portrait painting. However, the color palette can also be used in still life and landscape painting under certain circumstances. Most striking aspect is that a kind of an olive green color is possible to obtain by mixing Ivory Black and Yellow Ochre as Ivory Black is bluish in nature.

Other major works[edit]

Works[edit]

  • An Irish Girl, 1894, National Gallery of Art


    • See also


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