[프랑스]댕디(Vincent d'Indy )

 

 

Vincent d'Indy

(Paul-Marie-Théodore-)Vincent d'Indy

1851. 3. 27 프랑스 파리~ 1931. 12. 1 파리.
프랑스의 작곡가·교사.

 

세자르 프랑크가 제시한 노선을 따라 프랑스의 교향곡과 극음악에 대해 개혁을 시도하여 어느 정도 성공을 인정받았다. 알베르 라비냐크, 앙투안 마르몽텔에게 배웠으며 프랑크에게서 작곡을 배웠다. 1874년 파리 음악원에서 오르간을 배웠고, 같은 해 그의 2번째 곡인 〈발렌슈타인 서곡 Wallenstein Overture〉을 발표했다. 그는 19세기 프랑스 음악, 파리 오페라 극장, 파리 음악원의 전통 및 '장식적인' 프랑스 교향곡의 전통이 피상적이고 천박해서 바흐-베토벤-바그너로 이어지는 게르만의 음악 전통에 비할 게 못된다고 여겼다. 그의 음악은 매우 세밀한 구조와 서정성을 특징으로 하여 엄격한 화성법과 대위법을 구사했지만, 후기 작품에서는 자유롭고 비정통적인 리듬이 유연하고 평이하게 흘러 나오기도 했다.

 

 

대표적인 극음악으로는 〈종의 노래 Le Chant de le Cloche〉(1883)·〈페르발 Fervaal〉(1895)·〈성(聖) 크리스토프의 전설 Le Légende de Saint Christophe〉(1915)·〈시니라의 꿈 Le Rêve de Cinyras〉(1923) 등이 있다. 교향곡 중

 

〈프랑스 산골 사람들의 노래에 의한 교향곡 Symphonie sur un chant montagnard fran&sc#162l;ais〉(1886)

은

피아노 독주를 포함한 곡으로 댕디가 아르데슈 지역에서 수집한 민요 중 하나를 토대로 한 것이다.

 

D'Indy's final symphony might be seen as a monument to French patrtiotism and nationalism during WWI, which became almost extinct after the conflict ended. It musical qualities and tensions make it one of the landmarks of French late romanticism.

 

<이스타르 Istar〉('변주곡', 1896-Istar, Variations Symphoniques Op. 42 )는 특히 그의 대표작으로 꼽힌다.

105개나 되는 그의 곡 중에는 건반 음악과 세속 및 종교 합창곡들, 실내악곡들도 있다. 실내악곡 중 특히 〈5중주 Quintette 〉(1924)·플루트와 현악 트리오, 하프를 위한 모음곡(1927)·〈제3현악 4중주 Third String Quartet〉(1928~29) 등은 그의 걸작으로 꼽힌다. 그는 또한 비바레에서 수집한 수백 곡의 민요를 정리하기도 했다(→ 색인 : 민속음악).

 

* Sarabande and Minuet

 

* Poème des rivages, Op. 77 (1919/21)

* Concerto for Piano, Flute, Cello and Strings, Op. 89

* Tableaux de Voyage, Op. 36 (1892)

 

 

Paul Marie Théodore Vincent d'Indy was born in Paris into an aristocratic family of royalist and Catholic persuasion. He had piano lessons from an early age from his paternal grandmother, who passed him on to Antoine François Marmontel and Louis Diémer.^[1] From the age of 14 he studied harmony with Albert Lavignac.

 

At age 19, during the Franco-Prussian War, he enlisted in the National Guard, but returned to musical life as soon as the hostilities were over. The first of his works he heard performed was a Symphonie italienne, at an orchestral rehearsal under Jules Pasdeloup; the work was admired by Georges Bizet and Jules Massenet, with whom he had already become acquainted.^[1]

On the advice of Henri Duparc, he became a devoted student of César Franck at the Conservatoire de Paris. As a follower of Franck, d'Indy came to admire what he considered the standards of German symphonism.

 

Vincent d'Indy, sculpture by Antoine Bourdelle

 

In the summer of 1873 he visited Germany, where he met Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms.^[1] on 25 January 1874 his overture Les Piccolomini was performed at a Pasdeloup concert, sandwiched between works by Bach and Beethoven.^[1] Around this time he married one of his cousins. In 1875 his symphony dedicated to János Hunyadi was performed. That same year he played a minor role – the prompter – at the premiere of Bizet's opera Carmen.^[1]

 

In 1876 he was present at the first production of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle at Bayreuth. This made a great impression on him and he became a fervent Wagnerite.

In 1878 d'Indy's symphonic ballad La Forêt enchantée was performed.

In 1882 he heard Wagner's Parsifal.

In 1883 his choral work Le Chant de la cloche appeared. In 1884 his symphonic poem Saugefleurie was premiered.

 

His piano suite ("symphonic poem for piano") called Poème des montagnes came from around this time.

In 1887 appeared his Suite in D for trumpet, 2 flutes and string quartet. That same year he was involved in Lamoureux's production of Wagner's Lohengrin as choirmaster.

His music drama Fervaal occupied him between 1889 and 1895.

 

Inspired by his own studies with Franck and dissatisfied with the standard of teaching at the Conservatoire de Paris, d'Indy, together with Charles Bordes and Alexandre Guilmant, founded the Schola Cantorum de Paris in 1894. D'Indy taught there and later at the Paris Conservatoire until his death. Among his many students were Isaac Albéniz, Leo Arnaud, Joseph Canteloube (who later wrote d'Indy's biography), Pierre Capdevielle, Jean Daetwyler, Arthur Honegger, Eugène Lapierre, Leevi Madetoja, Albéric Magnard, Rodolphe Mathieu, Darius Milhaud, Cole Porter, Albert Roussel, Erik Satie, Georges-Émile Tanguay, Otto Albert Tichý, Emiliana de Zubeldia and Xian Xinghai. Xian was one of the earliest Chinese composers of western classical music. See: List of music students by teacher: A to F#Vincent d'Indy.

 

Few of d'Indy's works are performed regularly today. His best known pieces are probably the Symphony on a French Mountain Air (Symphonie sur un chant montagnard français, also known as Symphonie cévenole) for piano and orchestra (1886), and Istar (1896), a symphonic poem in the form of a set of variations in which the theme appears only at the end.^[1]

 

Among d'Indy's other works are other orchestral music (including a Symphony in B♭, a vast symphonic poem, Jour d'été à la montagne, and another, Souvenirs, written on the death of his first wife; he later remarried), chamber music, including two of the finest string quartets of the latter 19th century (No. 2 in E major, Op. 45, and No. 3 in D-flat, Op. 96), piano music (including a Sonata in E minor), songs and a number of operas, including Fervaal (1897) and L'Étranger (1902).

 

His music drama Le Légende de Saint Christophe, based on themes from Gregorian chant, was performed for the first, and possibly last, time, on 6 June 1920. His comédie musicale had its premiere in paris on 10 June 1927. His Lied for cello and orchestra, Op. 19, was recorded by Julian Lloyd Webber and the English Chamber Orchestra conducted by Yan Pascal Tortelier in 1991. As well as Franck, d'Indy's works show the influence of Berlioz and especially of Wagner.

 

D'Indy helped revive a number of then largely forgotten early works, for example, making his own edition of Claudio Monteverdi's opera L'incoronazione di Poppea.

His musical writings include the co-written three-volume Cours de composition musicale (1903–1905), as well as studies of Franck and Beethoven.

 

D'Indy died where he was born, in Paris.