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Piano quintet

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In classical music, a piano quintet is a work of chamber music written for piano and four other instruments. The genre particularly flourished in the nineteenth century.

Until the middle of the nineteenth century, the instrumentation most frequently consisted of piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Following the phenomenal success of Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 44 in 1842, which paired the piano with a string quartet (i.e., two violins, viola, and cello), composers began to adopt Schumann's instrumentation. Among the most frequently performed piano quintets, aside from Schumann's, are those by Franz Schubert, Johannes Brahms, Antonín Dvořák and Dmitri Shostakovich

 

The piano quintet before 1842

While the piano trio and piano quartet were firmly established in the eighteenth century by Mozart and others, the piano quintet did not come into its own as a genre until the nineteenth century.^[2] Its roots extend into the late Classical period, when piano concertos were sometimes transcribed for piano with string quartet accompaniment.  Not before the mid-nineteenth century was music ordinarily composed expressly for this combination of instruments. Although such classical composers as Luigi Boccherini wrote quintets for piano and string quartet, it was more common through the early nineteenth century for the piano to be joined by violin, viola, cello and double bass.

The first piano quintet written for this combination was the Piano Quintet in f minor, Op. 41, of Jan Ladislav Dussek (1799); works for the combination were also composed by Franz Schubert (the "Trout" Quintet (1819)), Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1802, 1816), Ferdinand Ries (1817), and Louise Farrenc (1839, 1840).^[4][5]

Schumann and the Romantic piano quint

Robert Schumann, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber, in 1839, three years before the composition of his piano quintet.

 

Not until the middle of the 19th century did Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet in E-Flat major, Op. 44 (1842)

firmly establish music for piano and string quartet as a significant, and quintessentially Romantic, chamber music genre.

 

By 1842, the string quartet had evolved into the most important chamber music ensemble, and advances in the design of the piano had expanded its power and dynamic range. Bringing the piano and string quartet together, Schumann's Piano Quintet took full advantage of the expressive possibilities of these forces in combination, alternating conversational passages between the five instruments with concertante passages in which the combined forces of the strings are massed against the piano. In Schumann's hands, the piano quintet became a genre "suspended between private and public spheres" alternating between "quasi-symphonic and more properly chamber-like elements."

 

Schumann's quintet was immediately acclaimed and widely imitated.

 

 Johannes Brahms was persuaded by Clara Schumann to rework a sonata for two pianos as a piano quintet. The result, the Piano Quintet in F minor (1864), is one of the most frequently performed works of the genre.  Notable compositions by César Franck and Antonín Dvořák further solidifed the genre as a quintessential "vehicle for Romantic ｅxpression."

20th century

In the first half of the twentieth-century, the piano quintet attracted composers with strong roots in Romanticism, including Gabriel Fauré, Edward Elgar and Dmitri Shostakovich, all of whom composed noteworthy works in the genre. However, unlike the string quartet, which remained an important genre for twentieth-century composers, the piano quintet came to acquire "a somewhat conservative profile, far from major developments" in musical ｅxpression.

List of compositions for piano quintet

The following is a partial list of compositions for piano quintet. All works are scored for piano and string quartet unless otherwise noted.

Before 1800

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Piano Quintet in E-flat major, K. 452 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1784) Ludwig van Beethoven Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 16 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1796) Luigi Boccherini Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.1 in E minor, G 407 Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.2 in F major, G 408 Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.3 in C major, G 409 Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.4 in E-flat major, G 410 Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.5 in D major, G 411 Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.6 in A minor, G 412 Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.1 in A major, G 413

Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.2 in B-flat major, G 414 Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.3 in E minor, G 415 Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.4 in D minor, G 416 Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.5 in E major, G 417 Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.6 in C major, G 418 Jan Ladislav Dussek Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 41 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1799)

19th century

Alexander Alyabyev Piano Quintet No. 1 in E-flat major Elfrida Andrée Piano Quintet in E minor (1865) Franz Berwald Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1853) Piano Quintet No. 2 in A major (1857) João Domingos Bomtempo Piano Quintet in E-flat major Op. 16 (1813 or 1814) Alexander Borodin Piano Quintet in C minor (1862) Johannes Brahms Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 34 (1864) Max Bruch Piano Quintet in G minor Op. Post. (1886) Alexis Castillon de Saint-Victor Piano Quintet in E-flat major Op. 1 (1864) George Whitefield Chadwick Piano Quintet in E-flat major (1887) Camille Chevillard Piano Quintet in E-flat minor Op. 1 (1882) Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 1 (1893) Johann Baptist Cramer Piano Quintet in B-flat major, Op. 79 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass) Carl Czerny Rondino on a Theme of Auber for Piano Quintet, Op. 127 (c. 1826) Fantaisie sur themes suisses et tiroliens, Op.162 (c. 1825) Grandes variations di bravura on 'Fra Diavolo', Op.232 (c. 1830) Ernő Dohnányi Piano Quintet No. 1, Op. 1 (1895) Piano Quintet No. 2, Op. 26 (1914) Felix Draeseke Piano Quintet in B-flat major, Op. 48, (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and horn; 1888) Antonín Dvořák Piano Quintet No. 1 in A major, Op. 5 (1872) Piano Quintet No. 2 in A major, Op. 81 (1887) Louise Farrenc Piano Quintet No. 1 in A minor, Op. 30 Piano Quintet No. 2 in E major, Op. 31 (both with double bass) Zdeněk Fibich Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 42, (for piano, violin, clarinet, horn, and cello 1893) Arthur Foote Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 38 (1897, publ. 1898) César Franck Piano Quintet in F minor, M. 7 (1879) Eduard Franck Piano Quintet in D major, op. 45 (1882) Friedrich Gernsheim Piano Quintet no. 1 in D minor, op. 35 Piano Quintet no. 2 in B minor, op. 63, c. 1897 Hermann Goetz Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 16 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1874) Karl Goldmark Piano Quintet No. 1 in B-flat major, Op. 30 (1879)[11] Piano Quintet No. 2 in C-sharp minor, Op. 54 (1914?5? published 1916) Théodore Gouvy Piano Quintet in A major Op. 24 (1859) Enrique Granados Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 49 (1894) Peter Arnold Heise Piano Quintet in F major (1869) Heinrich von Herzogenberg Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 17 (1876) Johann Nepomuk Hummel Piano Quintet in E-flat minor, Op. 87 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; composed 1802, published 1822) Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 74 (transcribed for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass from the Op. 74 Septet; 1816)

August Klughardt Piano quintet in G minor, Op. 43 (c. 1883) Édouard Lalo Piano quintet in A-flat major ("Fantaisie-quintette" in 2 movements, 1862) Franz Limmer Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 13 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; c. 1830) Giuseppe Martucci Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 45 (1878) Vítězslav Novák Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 12 (1896) George onslow Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 70 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1846) Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 76 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1846) Ebenezer Prout Piano Quintet in G major, Op. 3 (published 1870) Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 1 (publ. 1803) Joachim Raff Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 107 (1862) Max Reger Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1897–98) Piano Quintet No. 2 in C minor, Op. 64 (1901–02) Anton Reicha Piano Quintet in C minor (1826) Carl Reinecke Piano Quintet in A major, Op. 83 (by 1865) Ferdinand Ries Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 74 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1809) Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov Quintet in B-flat major for Piano and Winds (for piano, flute, clarinet, horn and bassoon; 1876) Anton Rubinstein Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 99 (1876?) Camille Saint-Saëns Piano Quintet in A minor, op. 14 (1855) Franz Schubert Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (popularly called the Trout Quintet; for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1819) Robert Schumann Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 44 (1842) Giovanni Sgambati Piano Quintet No. 1 in F minor, Op. 4 (1866)[12] Piano Quintet No. 2 in B-flat major, Op. 5 Jean Sibelius Piano Quintet in G minor (1890) Christian Sinding Piano Quintet in E minor. Op. 5 (1882–84) Louis Spohr Piano Quintet No. 2, Op. 130 (1845) Charles Villiers Stanford Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 25 (1886)[13] Josef Suk Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 8 (1893, rev. 1915) Ferdinand Thieriot Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 20 (1869, rev. 1894) Ludwig Thuille Piano Quintet in G minor, w/o Op. (1880)[14] Piano Quintet in E-flat major, Op. 20 (1901)[15] Charles-Marie Widor Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 7 (1868)[16] Piano Quintet No. 2 in D, Op. 68 (1894)[16] Georges Martin Witkowski Piano Quintet in B minor (1898) Juliusz Zarębski Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 34 (1885)

1900 and after

Thomas Adès Piano Quintet (2000) James Aikman Piano Quintet (1997) [17] Franco Alfano Piano Quintet in A-flat major (1946) Anton Arensky Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 51 (1900)[18] Grażyna Bacewicz Piano Quintet No. 1 (1952)[19] Piano Quintet No. 2 (1965)[19] Béla Bartók Piano Quintet (1904) Arnold Bax Piano Quintet in G minor (1915) Amy Beach Piano Quintet in F-sharp minor, Op. 67 (1907) Wilhelm Berger Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 95 (1904) Adolphe Biarent Piano Quintet in D minor (1912) Ernest Bloch Piano Quintet No. 1 (1923) Piano Quintet No. 2 (1957) Frank Bridge Piano Quintet in D minor (1905, revised 1912) ([20]) Stephen Brown Piano Quintet No. 1, Eulogy for Meghan Reid (2009) Piano Quintet No. 2, White Light White Heat (2015) Elliott Carter Quintet for Piano and String Quartet (1997) Quintet for Piano and Winds (1991) Georgy Catoire Quintet for Piano and String Quartet, Op. 28 (1914) Jean Cras Quintet for Piano and String Quartet in C major (1924) Théodore Dubois Quintet for Piano, Violin, Oboe (or Clarinet or 2nd Violin), Viola and Cello in F major (1905) Gabriel Dupont Poème for Piano and String Quartet (1911) Lucien Durosoir Piano Quintet in F major (1925) Edward Elgar Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 84 (1918) George Enescu Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 29 (1940) Gabriel Fauré Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 89 (completed 1905) Piano Quintet No. 2 in C minor, Op. 115 (completed 1921) Morton Feldman Piano and String Quartet (1985) Ross Lee Finney Two piano quintets (no. 2 written 1961) James Friskin Piano Quintet in C minor (1907) Phantasy for Piano Quintet (1910) Beat Furrer spur (1998) Wilhelm Furtwängler Piano Quintet in C major (completed 1935)[21] Alberto Ginastera Piano Quintet, Op. 29 (1963) Otar Gordeli Piano Quintet (1950) Jorge Grundman The Toughest Decision of God for Piano Quintet (2012) Sofia Gubaidulina Piano Quintet (1957) Reynaldo Hahn Piano Quintet in F-sharp minor (1922) Roy Harris Piano Quintet (1936) Hamilton Harty Piano Quintet in F major, Op. 12 (1904) Hans Werner Henze Piano Quintet (1990-91) Alistair Hinton Piano Quintet (1980–81; 2005–10) Jean Huré Piano Quintet in D major (1907–08) Vincent d'Indy Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 81 (1924) Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov An Evening in Georgia, Op. 71 (for piano, flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoon, 1935) Paul Juon No.1 in D minor, Op. 33 (1906) with 2 Violas (version with 2 violins, viola and cello Op. 33a) No.2, Op. 44 (1909) Shigeru Kan-no Piano Quintet WVE-180f (2002) Charles Koechlin Piano Quintet Op. 80 (1917–21) Joonas Kokkonen Piano Quintet (1951–53) Erich Wolfgang Korngold Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 15 (1921) Alessandro Longo Piano Quintet. Op.3 Claude Ledoux Piano Quintet (2005) Paul Le Flem Piano Quintet in E minor (1909) Lowell Liebermann Quintet for Piano and Strings Op. 34 (1990)