Johannes Brahms -피아노 3중주 전곡

 

 

Johannes Brahms

 

(7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897)

 

피아노 3중주 전곡

 

• Piano Trio No. 1 in B major, Op. 8
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The Piano Trio in B major, Op. 8, by Johannes Brahms was composed during 1854. The composer produced a revised version of the work in 1889.^[1][2] It is scored for piano, violin and cello, and it is the only work of Brahms to exist today in two published versions, although it is almost always the revised version that we hear performed today. Among the piano trios known to have been written by Brahms it is the only one that ends in a minor key. It is also among the few multi-movement works to begin in a major key and end in the tonic minor (another example being Mendelssohn's Italian Symphony).

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The trio is in four movements:

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Original version (1854):

• 1. Allegro con moto – Tempo un poco più Moderato – Schnell
  2. Scherzo: Allegro molto – Trio: Più lento – Tempo primo
  3. Adagio non troppo – Allegro – Tempo primo
  4. Finale: Allegro molto agitato – Un poco più lento – Tempo primo

Revised version (1889):

• 1. Allegro con brio – Tranquillo – In tempo ma sempre sostenuto
  2. Scherzo: Allegro molto – Meno allegro – Tempo primo
  3. Adagio
  4. Finale: Allegro

First movement

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(B major, 2/2)

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This movement is a sonata form movement in B major, with a broad theme that begins in the cello and piano and builds in intensity. It is counterpoised by a more delicate anacrustic second theme in G♯ minor. This theme appeared only in the second version of the trio, replacing a more complex group of themes and a fugal section in the first version.

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Second movement

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(B minor, trio section and ending in B major, 3/4)

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The B minor scherzo combines delicate filigree passages with fortissimo outbursts. The exuberant mood of the first movement returns in the trio section in B major. A tierce de Picardie (Picardy third) which ends the movement in B major sets the scene for the third movement (also in B major). The only alterations Brahms applied to this movement in his revision of the work were a doubling of the climactic trio melody in the cello, and a reworking of the coda.

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Third movement

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(B major, 4/4)

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This movement, returning to B major, opens with a spacious chordal theme in the piano, counterpoised by a middle section in which the cello plays a poignant G♯ minor melody making use of chromaticism. In the first version, a different second theme was used, and an Allegro section was included near the end of the movement.

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Fourth movement

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(B minor, 3/4)

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Back in B minor, the first theme of this movement is highly chromatic and slightly ambiguous tonally, with a very agitated dotted rhythm. This is perhaps the movement Brahms altered the most between the two versions, with the cello's original smooth second theme in F♯ major—an apparent allusion to Beethoven's An die ferne Geliebte, also quoted in Schumann's Fantasie Op. 17—being replaced by a more vigorous arpeggiated piano theme in D major. The combined contour and rhythm of this new theme in its first four bars bear a striking resemblance to "The Star-Spangled Banner"^[3] - perhaps a tribute to the fact that the work had been premiered in 1855 not in Europe but in Dodsworth's Hall, New York City.^[4] After a B major episode recalling the mood of the first movement, the music returns to B minor and ends very turbulently. The original ending was even more overtly tragic, and it is worth recalling that 1854 was the year Brahms's friend and mentor Schumann attempted suicide and was confined to an asylum.

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• Piano Trio No. 2 in C major, Op. 87
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The Piano Trio in C major, Op. 87, by Johannes Brahms was composed during 1880-2. It is scored for piano, violin and cello. It was first performed at a chamber music evening in Frankfurt-on-Main on 29 December 1882.

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• [브람스 피아노 삼중주 제2번은 1882년 6월 완성한다. 빈 악우협회 문헌 관리자 출신의 음악학자인 ‘가이링거’는 이 곡에 대하여 “한 개의 음표라도 너무 많거나 너무 적거나 하지 않고 모든 것이 청중이 이해하기 쉽게 쓰여졌다.”고 평하고 있다. 또한 이 곡은 브람스의 실내악곡 중에서도 가장 맑고 깨끗한 작품으로 평가되는 작품이다. 악기의 용법도 전작인 ‘작품8’에서 보다 세련되었고 주제처리도 간단, 명료하여 원숙의 경지를 보인다.
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•   브람스는 1880년 ‘바트 이슐’의 피서지에서 이 곡의 작곡을 착수하지만, 이때 완성된 피아노 협주곡 제2번과 교향곡 제3번의 작곡을 병행하느라 시간을 내지 못하고 미루다가 1882년 6월이 되어서야 비로소 완성한다. 이 곡을 완성하고 나서 그는 클라라에게 비평을 구했는데, 그 답이 8월 1일 클라라로부터 도착하였다. 초연은 브람스가 피아노를 맡고, ‘후고 베르만’이 바이올린, ‘뮐러’가 첼로를 맡았다.]
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The trio is in four movements:

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Allegro moderato - 소나타 형식이다. 베토벤적인 성격의 발전가능성을 충분히 예견케 하는 제1주제는 현으로 나타난다. 이 주제는 현에 너무나 적합하므로 그후로도 거의 현만으로 진행한다. 이어 피아노가 선율적인 짧은 악구를 연주하지만 곧 현이 교회선법적인 브람스 특유의 정취를 나타낸다. 이것이 다시 피아노로 모방되고 취해지면서 제1주제가 나타난다. 이어 슈만풍의 제2주제가 피아노로 나오고, 발전부, 재현부를 거쳐 마지막에는 전 악기가 4마디를 힘차게 연주하면서 마친다.

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Andante con moto - 주제와 5개의 변주로 이루어진다. 회색빛으로 낮게 가라앉은 담담한 헝가리적인 색채를 띤 분위기는 정열적이고 비장한 주제가 펼쳐진다. 이 주제는 당김음이 풍부하고, 현과 피아노는 대위법적으로 다루어진다. 제1변주는 현이 주제를 연주하고 그 사이 피아노가 나온다. 제2변주는 전반은 피아노 선율이 주도하고 후반은 현과 피아노가 번갈아 나온다. 제3변주는 경쾌하다. 제4변주는 8분 6박자로 주제는 피아노선율에 의존한다. 제5변주는 다시 a단조로 피아노는 우아한 음형 반주 위에 현이 주제 선율의 변주를 연주하고 코다로 이어지면서 마친다.

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Scherzo: Presto - 스케르초 프레스토이다. 피아노의 아르페지오에 이어 현이 빠르게 연주한다. 피아니시모의 부드러운 전개 뒤에 경쾌하게 제1부가 끝나면, 제2부는 트리오로 약간 템포를 늦추는데 표정은 밝다. 선행선율은 현이 맡고 피아노는 대위적인 반주로 따라온다. 제3부는 제1부의 재현이다. 

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Finale: Allegro giocoso - 알레그로 지오코소이다. 현악기가 넓은 주제를 펼치면 피아노가 반주로 따라 나온다. 제2주제는 피아노가 맡고 이어 현악기가 우아하게 이어진다. 다시 피아노와 현이 새로운 선율을 제시하면서 발전부로 넘어간다. 발전부에서는 제1주제를 피아노가 장식적으로 변주하는 것으로 시작한다. 이어 현이 주제의 서두 동기를 다루면서 조바꿈을 거듭하면서 재현부로 들어간다. 재현부에서도 피아노의 완만한 아르페지오의 연주를 바탕으로 현악기들이 부드럽게 이어진다. 이어 모든 악기들이 점점 힘을 더하며 클라이맥스를 만들어가면서 활발하게 연주하면서 대미를 장식한다.

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Victor Fournelle-Blain, violin
Haeyoon Shin, Cello
Charles Richard-Hamelin, piano

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• [우리말 해설 자료 출처: http://cafe.daum.net/music7694/8P8I/941]
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• Piano Trio No. 3 in C minor, Op. 101
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The Piano Trio in C minor, Op. 101, by Johannes Brahms is scored for piano, violin and cello, and was written in the summer of 1886 while Brahms was on vacation in Hofstetten, Switzerland. It was premiered on 20 December of that year by Brahms, violinist Jenő Hubay, and cellist David Popper.

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The trio is in four movements:

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1. Allegro energico
2. Presto non assai
3. Andante grazioso
4. Allegro molto

 

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• Piano Trio in A major, attributed to Brahms
• and cello. Brahms is reported to have destroyed many of his works that did not meet up to his own high standards. This piano trio may possibly be one of the exceptions to have escaped the flames.

Background

• Discovery and Publication

The trio first came to light in 1924 when it was discovered amongst papers musicologist Ernst Bucken had inherited from the Bonn based musical collector Dr. Erich Preiger.^{[1] [2] [3]}

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Despite the fact that the manuscript lacked a title page and was in the hand of an unknown copyist rather than Brahms' own handwriting, Bucken believed the work was genuine based both on perceived stylistic similarities between the newly discovered work and the Piano Trio in B major, Op. 8 and the fact that it was known from a letter to Schumann that prior to the publication of the B major trio he had composed several others.^[2]

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The trio was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1938, in an edition edited by both Bucken and Karl Hasse.^[3] The original manuscript on which it was based disappeared shortly after publication.^{[1] [3]}

• Authorship

Bucken's attribution of the trio to Brahms was challenged a year after publication in an article by Richard Fellinger, who while supporting the attribution bought up the possibility that the trio, which was apparently written in the 1850s, may have been composed by a friend of Brahms, Albert Dietrich.^[3]

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McClelland notes that while most recent scholarship argues that Brahms did not compose this trio, few alternatives have been offered other than Dietrich.^[3] Christiansen, in his article, notes that while some portions of the trio sound like the work of Brahms, especially the opening theme of the trio portion of the second movement, other portions evoke Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann and even Dvořák and concludes that the trio may be the work either of Brahms at an early stage of his development, or by a talented composer, moving in similar circles to Brahms, who never rose to prominence.^[2]

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Structure

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The trio is in four movements:

• 1. Moderato
  2. Vivace – Trio
  3. Lento
  4. Presto
  
  
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• The Piano Trio in A major, sometimes attributed to Johannes Brahms, is scored for piano, violin