5중주[Quintet]

 

Quintet

 

 

 

 

A quintet is a group containing five members. It is commonly associated with musical groups, such as a string quintet, or a group of five singers, but can be applied to any situation where five similar or related objects are considered a single unit. In classical instrumental music, any additional instrument (such as a piano, clarinet, oboe, etc.) joined to the usual string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello), gives the resulting ensemble its name, such as "piano quintet", "clarinet quintet", etc. A piece of music written for such a group is similarly named.

 

The standard wind quintet consists of one player each on flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon, and horn, while the standard brass quintet has two trumpets, horn, trombone, and tuba. Other combinations, however, are sometimes found.

 

In jazz music, a quintet is group of five players, usually consisting of two of any of the following instruments, guitar, trumpet, saxophone, clarinet, flute or trombone in addition to traditional jazz trio – piano, double bass, drums.

In some modern bands there are quintets formed from the same family of instruments with various voices, as an all-brass ensemble, or all saxophones, in soprano, alto, baritone, and bass, and sometimes double bass.

Many rock, pop, and metal bands are made up of five people, normally consisting of two guitarists, a bassist, a drummer, and a lead vocalist. This is normally considered to the maximum size of most bands. However, several bands like Linkin Park, Slipknot, Guns N' Roses, and DragonForce have more than 5 band members. Having more than five members is mostly uncommon in rock and pop music.

It is becoming increasingly common in a cappella and barbershop music circles to use the fifth voice as vocal percussionist, with the remainder being a traditional SATB (soprano alto tenor bass) quartet, or perhaps SSAA or TTBB.

Notable quintets

Classical music

• Mozart: quintet for piano and winds K. 452 (oboe, clarinet, bassoon and horn) (1784)
• Reicha: wind quintets, among the first for the medium (starting in 1811)
• Schubert: piano quintet in A major, D.667 (1819), popularly known as the 'Trout Quintet', based on his Lied "Die Forelle" ("the trout"). The piece is scored for violin, viola, cello, bass instead of an additional violin, and piano, unlike the usual arrangement of the piano quintet.
• Schubert: string quintet in C-major, op.163 (D.956, 1828).
• Schumann: piano quintet in E-flat, op.44 (1842)
• Brahms: piano quintet in F minor, op.34 (1862)
• Dvorak: piano quintets in A, op.5 (1872), and Op. 81 (1887), heavily influenced by both the Schubert and Schumann piano quintets
• Bizet: opera Carmen contains a particularly engaging quintet (not always performed), by singers playing some of the smugglers. (1873–1874)
• Bruckner: string quintet in F major (1879)
• Brahms: string quintet in F, op.88 (1882)
• Shostakovich: piano quintet in G minor, op.57 (1940)
• Pavlova Quintet (Oxford, England): Chris Britton, Barbara Stuart, Carolyn King, Jenny Morgan, Simon Payne

Jazz

• 'The Greatest Concert Ever.' Jazz quintet. Charlie Parker, alto saxophone; Dizzy Gillespie, trumpet; Bud Powell, piano; Charles Mingus, bass; and Max Roach, drums. Massey Hall, Toronto, Canada. (May 15, 1953) This concert took place against all odds: Bud Powell was drunk; Charlie Parker, identified as "Charlie Chan" in the original notes, played on a plastic alto saxophone; and Dizzy Gillespie would disappear offstage to check on the status of the first Rocky Marciano-Jersey Joe Walcott heavyweight championship match.
• Miles Davis' First and Second 'great' Quintets:
  • The First Great Quintet (1955–1958) Miles Davis, trumpet; John Coltrane, tenor saxophone; Red Garland, piano; Paul Chambers, bass; Philly Joe Jones, drums.
  • The Second Great Quintet (1964–1968) Miles Davis, trumpet; Wayne Shorter, tenor saxophone; Herbie Hancock, piano; Ron Carter, bass; Tony Williams, drums.

5중주를 연주하는 연주자 그룹을 말하기도 한다. 현악 5중주는 일반적으로 바이올린 2대, 비올라 2대, 첼로 1대의 편성으로 이루어진다.

모차르트의 현악 5중주 6곡은 실내악 분야에서 그의 가장 두드러진 업적으로 평가된다. 작곡가이며 유명한 첼로연주자인 루이지 보케리니는 2대의 비올라 대신 2대의 첼로를 편성하는 형태를 좋아하여 이러한 편성으로 113곡의 현악 5중주를 남겼고, 전통적인 악기 편성으로 12곡의 현악 5중주를 작곡했다. 프란츠 슈베르트만 유일하게 이 보케리니식 편성을 따라 유명한 〈현악 5중주 C장조 String Quintet in C Major〉를 작곡했다.

 

대개 피아노와 현악 4중주를 합친 형태인 피아노 5중주는 작곡가들이 선호한 양식이었는데 보케리니는 12곡의 피아노 5중주를 작곡했다. 슈베르트의 유명한 피아노 5중주 〈송어 Trout〉는 피아노·바이올린·비올라·첼로·더블베이스로 편성되어 있다. 또한 플루트·오보에·클라리넷 등의 관악기를 4대의 현악기(바이올린·비올라·첼로·더블베이스)와 같이 연주하기도 하는데 보케리니는 일반적인 현악기 편성에 플루트 또는 오보에를 첨가한 형태의 현악 5중주를 18곡 작곡했다.

 

5중창은 대개 소프라노 2, 알토, 테너, 베이스로 이루어진다. 독립된 5중창곡은 흔하지 않지만, 모차르트의 오페라 〈마술피리〉 1막의 경우와 같이 오페라에 예외적으로 삽입된 예도 있다. 16세기 마드리갈을 비롯하여 지금까지 전해 내려오는 5성부로 된 음악이 많이 있으나 이것을 5중창이라고 하지는 않는다.

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