Johannes Brahms: Violin Sonata 전곡

 

Johannes Brahms

 

(7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897)

 

 

Violin Sonata 전곡

 

 

 

 

 

♪ Violin Sonata No.1 in G major, Op.78 (1878-1879)

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The Violin Sonata No. 1 in G major, Op. 78, for violin and piano was composed by Johannes Brahms during the summers of 1878 and 1879 in Pörtschach am Wörthersee. It was first performed on 8 November 1879 in Bonn, by the husband and wife Robert Heckmann (violin) and Marie Heckmann-Hertig (piano).^[1] Each of three movements of this sonata shares common motivic ideas or thematic materials from the head-motif of Brahms’s two songs "Regenlied" and "Nachklang", Op. 59, and this is why this sonata is also called Rain Sonata (Regen-Sonate).

 

 

 

This sonata consists of three movements.

The first movement, Vivace ma non troppo is written in sonata form in G major;

the second movement, Adagio – Più andante – Adagio, is an expanded ternary form in E♭ major,

and the third movement, Allegro molto moderato is a rondo in G minor with coda in G major. T

he dotted rhythm motif from the two songs is not only directly quoted as a leading theme in the third movement of this sonata but also constantly appearing as fragmented rhythmic motif throughout the all three movements of the sonata so that the entire sonata has a certain coherency. The rhythm of the rain motif appearing in the middle section of the second movement is adapted to a funeral march. The two disruptive appearances of the main theme of the Adagio in the third movement also represent cyclic form used in this sonata.



♪ Violin Sonata No.2 in A major, Op.100 (1886)

 

The Violin Sonata No. 2 in A major, Op. 100 ("Thun" or "Meistersinger"), by Johannes Brahms was written while spending the summer of 1886 in Thun in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland.

 

It was a very fertile and refreshing time for Brahms. His friend the Swiss pastor and poet Josef Victor Widmann (1842–1911) lived in Berne and they visited each other. He was also visited by the poet Klaus Groth and the young German contralto Hermine Spies. Both Groth and Brahms were somewhat enamoured of Spies.^[1] He found himself so invigorated by the genial atmosphere and surroundings that he said the area was "so full of melodies that one has to be careful not to step on any". In a short space of time, he produced, in addition to this violin sonata, the Cello Sonata No. 2 in F major, Op. 99, the Piano Trio No. 3 in C minor, Op. 101, and various songs.

 

The 2nd Violin Sonata is the shortest^[2] and is considered the most lyrical of Brahms's three violin sonatas.^[3] It is also considered the most difficult of the three to bring off successfully, and to exhibit its balance of lyricism and virtuosity.^[4] It maintains a radiant, happy mood throughout.^[2][5]

 

It consists of three movements, with the middle movement doing service as both a slow movement and a scherzo:^[1]

 

• 1. Allegro amabile
• 2. Andante tranquillo – Vivace – Andante – Vivace di più – Andante – Vivace
• 3. Allegretto grazioso (quasi andante).

 

By giving the work the formal title of "Sonata for Piano and Violin", rather than the more usual "Sonata for Violin and Piano", Brahms indicated the piano part was just as important as the violin part.^[2] In keeping with this, he allowed the piano to announce the opening theme. The first three notes of the first movement are very similar in both melody and harmony^[6] to the first three notes of "Walther's Prize Song" (Morgenlich leuchtend im rosigen Schein) from Richard Wagner's opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg. Although they were musical rivals, Brahms was a great admirer of Wagner's music,^[6] but whether this was a deliberate quotation on Brahms's part is open to speculation. Nevertheless, the sonata has often been subtitled the "Meistersinger" Sonata.^[4] It is also sometimes called the "Thun" Sonata from the place of its creation.

 

Motives from three of the songs Brahms wrote that summer with Hermine Spies's voice in mind^[1] appear fleetingly in the sonata: "Wie Melodien zieht es mir leise durch den Sinn", Op. 105/1 ("Like melodies it steals softly through my mind"; words by Klaus Groth) makes an appearance in the second subject of the first movement. "Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer", Op. 105/2 ("Ever gentle is my sleep"; words by Hermann Lingg) and "Auf dem Kirchhofe", Op. 105/4 (words by Detlev von Liliencron) are quoted in the final movement.^[1][7] The song "Komm bald", Op. 97/5 ("Come soon"; words by Groth) is also said have provided thematic inspiration for the sonata.^[8]

 

The Violin Sonata No. 2 was premiered in Vienna on 2 December 1886 by the violinist Joseph Hellmesberger, Sr. and Brahms himself at the piano.^[1][2]

 

Brahms's friend the poet Josef Widmann later wrote a poem to be accompanied by the sonata


♪ Violin Sonata No.3 in D minor, Op.108 (1886-1888)

Johannes Brahms' Violin Sonata No. 3 in D minor, Op. 108 is the last of his violin sonatas, composed between 1878 and 1888. Unlike the two previous violin sonatas, it is in four movements (the others are in three movements). The sonata is dedicated to Brahms' friend and colleague Hans von Bülow, and was premiered in Budapest in 1888 with Jenő Hubay on violin and the composer at the piano.

 

This sonata consists of four movements.

 

i. Allegro
ii. Adagio
iii. Un poco presto e con sentimento
iv. Presto agitato