[독일]Carl Reinecke[Carl Heinrich Carsten Reinecke]

Carl Reinecke

 (1824 – 1910)

 German composer, conductor, and pianist in the Middle Romantic Era.

[작품 모음]

 

 칼 라이네케는 1824년 6월 23일 아버지 요한 피터 루돌프 라이네케와 어머니 요한나 헨리 도로테아 베테그로프의 사이에서 태어났습니다. 가난한 가정에서 자라온 라이네케의 아버지는 라이네케가 나중에 성장해서 음악 교사의 직업을 갖길 원했다고 합니다. 

일찍이 라이네케는 자선 학교를 방문했던 기간에 자신의 음악성을 나타내었고 그 후에 바이올린과 피아노 레슨을 받았습니다. 

 1816년부터 1819년 까지 알토에 정착하여 개인 교사로 근무 했으며, 메인 알토 오케스트라를 설립하기도 했습니다. 

1844년에  제게 베르그에게 부름을 받아 1869년  은퇴할 때 까지 이 도시에서 일했다고 합니다. 

그 후로 그는 수많은 학생들을 가르쳤고 1910년,  85세에 라이프찌히에서 사망하게 됩니다. 

음악 선생이었던 그의 아버지에게서 이른 나이에 풍부하고, 완벽한 음악 수업을 받은 라이네케는 1848년 까지 코펜하겐에서 덴마크 궁정 피아니스트로 일한 뒤에 파리에 가서 당대의 피아니스트인 리스트의 딸 코지마의 피아노 선생으로 잠시 일하기도 했습니다.

 

1851년 쾰른 대학의 음악 교수를 시작으로 1860년 부터는 라이프찌히 음악원 교수로서, 또 1895년 까지는 게반트 하우스 오케스트라의 지휘자로 일하면서 라이프찌히를 최고의 음악수준의 도시로 올려놓기도 했죠. 

그는 바흐 같은 고전주의 작곡가의 음악을 후대에 전하는 것을 자신의 사명으로 여겼고 당시 유행하던 하우스뮤직에 맞는 쉽고 단순한 형태의 곡을 많이 작곡했습니다. 

(21살 때 그는 멘델스존과 슈만을 만나 그들에게서 깊은 영향을 받게 됩니다.) 

[출처] Carl Heinrich Carsten Reinecke (칼 라이네케)|작성자 낼

 Piano Concerto No. 1 In F sharp Minor

 

Michael Ponti, piano - Orchestra of Radio Luxembourg, Pierre Cao conductor

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Flute Concerto in D major, Op. 283

Apr 10, 2010 @Seoul Arts Center

Jasmine Choi - flute
Kyung-Ki Philharmonic / Nanse Gum - conducting

 

1908년에 작곡된 플루트 협주곡은 라이네케의 낭만적 음악의 전형을 보여주고 있는데, 멘델스존과 슈만 등 19세기 낭만파의 음악적 언어를 근거로 하고 있어 파격적이거나 신랄한 면모를 가지고 있지는 않지만 멜로디와 화성에 있어 매우 예리한 감각을 선보이고 있다. 그런 면에서 이 곡은 라이네케를 가장 잘 보여주고 있다고 할 수 있는데, 전통적인 형식미와 후기 낭만주의적 성향이 적절히 융화되어있을 뿐만 아니라 모더니즘적 향취를 느끼게 하기도 한다

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Violin Concerto opus 141

 

Reinecke was born in Altona, Hamburg, Germany; until 1864 the town was under Danish rule.

He studied with his father, Johann Peter Rudolph Reinecke, a music teacher. Carl began to compose at the age of seven, and his first public appearance as a pianist was when he was twelve years old.

 

At the age of 19, he undertook his first concert tour in 1843, through Denmark and Sweden. After a stay in Leipzig, where he studied under Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann and Franz Liszt, Reinecke went on tour with Königslöw and Wilhelm Joseph von Wasielewski (later Schumann's biographer), in North Germany and Denmark. In 1846, Reinecke was appointed Court Pianist for Christian VIII in Copenhagen. There he remained until 1848, when he resigned and went to Paris.^[1] Overall he wrote four concertos for his instrument (and many cadenzas for others' works, including a large set published as his Opus 87), as well as concertos for violin, cello, harp and flute. In the winter of 1850/51, Carl Schurz reports attending weekly “musical evenings” in Paris where Reinecke was in attendance.^[2]

 

In 1851, Reinecke became a professor at the Cologne Conservatory. In ensuing years he was appointed musical director at Barmen, and became the academic, musical director and conductor of the

Singakademie at Breslau.

 

In 1860, Reinecke was appointed director of the Gewandhaus Orchestra concerts in Leipzig, and

professor of composition and piano at the Conservatorium. He led the orchestra for more than three decades, until 1895. He conducted premieres such as the full seven-movement version of Brahms's A German Requiem (1869). In 1865 the Gewandhaus-Quartett premiered Brahms' piano quintet, and in 1892 his D major string quartet.^[3]

 

Reinecke is best known for his flute sonata "Undine", but he is also remembered as one of the most influential and versatile musicians of his time. He served as a teacher for 35 years, until his retirement in 1902. His students included Edvard Grieg, Basil Harwood, Charles Villiers Stanford, Christian Sinding, Leoš Janáček, Constanta Erbiceanu, Isaac Albéniz, August Max Fiedler, Walter Niemann, Johan Svendsen, Richard Franck, Felix Weingartner, Max Bruch, Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Ernest Hutcheson, Felix Fox, August Winding and many others.

 

After retirement from the conservatory, Reinecke devoted his time to composition, resulting in almost three hundred published works. He wrote several operas (none of which are performed today) including König Manfred. During this time, he frequently made concert tours to England and elsewhere. His piano playing belonged to a school in which grace and neatness were characteristic, and at one time he was probably unrivalled as a Mozart player and an accompanist.^[1] In 1904 at the age of 80, he made recordings of seven works playing on piano roll for the Welte-Mignon company, making him the earliest-born pianist to have his playing preserved in any format. He subsequently made a further 14 for the Aeolian Company's "Autograph Metrostyle" piano roll visual marking system and an additional 20 for the Hupfeld DEA reproducing piano roll system.

 

He died at 85 in Leipzig.

 

Selected works

• König Manfred, comic opera, 1867
• Ein Abenteuer Händels, operetta, 1874
• Auf hohen Befehl, comic opera, 1886
• Der Gouverneur von Tours, comic opera, 1891
• Symphony No. 1 in A major, Op. 79, 1858

Carl Reinecke (ca. 1860)

• Symphony No. 2 in C minor, Op. 134, 1874
• Symphony No 3 in G minor, Op. 227, 1895
• Piano Quartet in light style, Op. 272, 1904
• Piano Quintet in A, Op. 83, 1866
• Cello Concerto in D minor, Op. 82, 1864
• Violin Concerto in G minor, Op. 141, 1876
• Harp Concerto in E minor, Op. 182 (1884)
• Flute Concerto in D major, Op. 283 (1908)
• Ballade for flute and orchestra in D minor, Op. 288 (1908) (his last opus number)
• Piano Concerto No. 1 in F-sharp minor, Op. 72, 1860
• Piano Concerto No. 2 in E minor, Op. 120, 1872
• Piano Concerto No. 3 in C major, Op. 144, 1877
• Piano Concerto No. 4 in B minor, Op. 254, 1900
• Serenade for strings in G minor, Op. 242, around 1898
• Trio for piano, oboe and horn in A minor, Op. 188, 1886
• Trio for piano, clarinet and viola in A, Op. 264
• Trio for piano, clarinet and horn in B-flat, Op. 274, 1905
• Octet for winds in B-flat, Op. 216, 1892
• Sextet for flute, oboe, clarinet, 2 horns and bassoon in B-flat, Op. 271
• Five string quartets (Op. 16 in E-flat, 1843; Op. 30 in F, 1851; Op. 132 in C, 1874; Op. 211 in D major, 1890; and Op. 287)
• Organ Sonata, Op. 284
• Piano Sonata for the left hand, Op. 179, 1884
• String Trio in C minor, Op. 249
• Sonata for flute (Sonata Undine), Op. 167, 1882
• Sonatas for violin, cello (three, in A minor, Op. 42, 1847-8; D major, Op. 89, 1866; and G major, Op. 238, recorded on cpo)
• Three light piano trios, Op. 159a
• Piano Trio, Op. 230
• Drei Fantasiestücke für Viola und Klavier, Op. 43 (Three fantasy pieces for viola and piano