[삼국시대(동오): 왕 "손량"을 폐위하고 정권을 농단하다가 결국 자신도 살해당한 왕족, 권신]손침(孫綝)

손침(孫綝, 231년 ~ 258년)은 중국 삼국 시대 오의 황족이자 권신이며, 자는 자통(子通)이다.

[Sun Chen (232 – 18 January 259),[a] courtesy name Zitong, was a military general and regent of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He ruled as regent during the reigns of the emperors Sun Liang and Sun Xiu. His conflict with Sun Liang eventually led him to depose the emperor in favour of Sun Xiu. However, he was subsequently killed by Sun Xiu in a coup.]

생애

처음에는 편장군으로 임명되었다. 손준이 세상을 떠난 후, 손준에게 뒷일을 부탁받아 시중·무위장군이 되어 중앙과 지방의 모든 군사를 총괄했으며, 손준을 대신해 조정의 정사를 주관했다. 여거는 이를 듣고 분하고 두려워하여 등윤을 승상으로 천거했으며, 등윤과 함께 손침을 폐출하려 했다. 손침은 손준의 북정군을 되돌려 여거를 공격해 자살하게 했으며, 등윤과 그의 삼족을 멸했다.

이후 대장군에 임명되고 가절을 받았으며 영녕후에 봉해졌다. 손침은 자신의 존귀함에 의지하여 매우 오만했으며, 항상 무례히 행동했다. 손준의 당제로 제갈각(諸葛恪)을 죽이는 음모에 가담한 손려(孫慮)는 손침 집권 후 대우가 얕아지자 장군 왕돈과 함께 손침을 죽이려 했으나 실패했다.

위의 대장군 제갈탄(諸葛誕)이 사마씨 정권에 대항하여 거병하고 오나라에 투항을 청하자, 오는 문흠(文欽), 당자(唐咨), 전단(全端), 전역(全懌) 등 병사 3만 명을 주어 구원하게 했으나 오히려 참패하여 손침은 큰 원망을 샀다.

손침은, 폐제 양이 정무를 본 이래로 많은 힐문을 받게 되어 두려워했다. 마침내 폐제는 손침을 죽일 모의를 세웠으나, 폐제의 비가 손침의 사촌 누나의 딸이었으므로 이 음모를 손침에게 알려 주었다. 손침은 결국 폐제를 폐출하고 반대하는 신하는 죽였으며, 낭야왕 손휴(孫休)를 맞아 황제로 세우니 이가 곧 오의 제3대 황제 경제였다.

득의양양해진 손침은 오자서의 사당을 불태우고 불교 사원을 파괴하고 승려들을 참수했다. 손침의 네 아우가 모두 후(侯)에 임명되었고 모두 근위군을 관장하여, 손침 집안의 권력은 천자를 기울게 할 지경이었다. 그러나 손침과 경제는 서로 두려워하게 되어, 손침은 무창으로 나가기를 원했다. 경제는 이를 허락하였으나, 장군 위막이 손침이 밖에 있으면 변란이 일어날 것이라고 했으며, 무위사 시삭은 손침에게 모반의 징조가 있다고 했다. 마침내 영안 원년(258년) 12월 8일, 건업(建業)에서 연회가 있었는데, 손휴는 정봉(丁奉) · 장포(張布) 등과 함께 계획하여 손침을 묶고, 목을 베었다. 손침의 3족이 모두 살해당했으며, 손준 형제에게 죽은 제갈각, 등윤, 여거는 모두 사면되었다.

인물평

진수(陳壽)는 '《삼국지》오서 제갈등이손복양전' 말미에서, 손침을 손준과 함께 "흉악한 행실이 가득하여 본래 논할 가치도 없는 자”라고 평했다.

친족 관계

• 손견(종증조부)
  • 손권(재종조부)
    • 손휴(재종숙)
    • 손량(재종숙)
• 손정(증조부)
  • 손고(孫暠)(조부)
    • 손작(孫綽)(아버지)
      • 손침
    • 손공(孫恭)(작은아버지)
      • 손준(종형)
  • 손유(종조부)
  • 손교(종조부)
  • 손환(종조부)
  • [위키백과]
  • -----------------------------------------
  • [삼국지 사전]
  •  

인명. 오의 종친. 자는 자통(子通). 손정(孫靜)의 증손이자 손준(孫峻)의 사촌동생. 오 태평(太平) 원년(256), 손준이 죽자 그는 시중(侍中) · 무위장군(武衛將軍)이 되어 중앙과 지방의 모든 군사를 통솔하고 조정의 권력을 독단한다. 곧바로 대장군으로 승진되고 영녕후(永寧侯)에 봉해진다. 태평(太平) 3년(258), 오주 손량(孫亮)이 그의 전횡에 불만을 품고 그를 죽이려 한다. 그는 즉시 손량을 폐위시키고 낭야왕 손휴(孫休)를 황제로 세운다. 그 공으로 승상 · 형주목의 벼슬을 더하여 받고 한 가문에 다섯 제후가 나오게 된다. 오래지 않아 손휴가 장포(張布) · 정봉(丁奉) 등과 모의하여 그를 죽이고 삼족을 멸한다.(111회)

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[상세 해설]

손침 - 나무위키 2020.12.22.

오의 군권 1인자 주유 → 노숙 → 여몽 → 육손 → 주연 → 제갈각 → 손준 → 손침 → 주적 → 정봉 → 육항 동오의 승상(丞相) [ 펼치기 · 접기 ] 1대 2대 3대 4대 4대 대리 손소 고옹 육손 보즐 주거 5대 5대...

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[영어위키]

 

As a regent

Sun Chen and his predecessor Sun Jun were cousins; both were great-grandsons of the founding emperor Sun Quan's uncle Sun Jing. Very little is known about his career up to Sun Jun's sudden illness in 256, when the latter chose to transfer his power to Sun Chen. Sun Jun died soon thereafter, and Sun Chen became regent. The general Lü Ju was angry at the development (as Sun Jun was already resented for his dictatorial style and lack of accomplishments), and, in conjunction with the minister Teng Yin, he attempted to overthrow Sun Chen. Sun Chen struck back militarily, and his forces defeated Teng Yin and Lü Ju. Teng Yin and his clan were executed while Lü Ju committed suicide. In the light of his defeat of Teng Yin and Lü Ju, Sun Chen began to become extremely arrogant.[2]

In 257, at the age of 14, Sun Liang began to personally handle some important matters of state. He established a personal guard corps, consistent of young men and officers with age similar to his, stating that he intended to grow up with them. He also sometimes questioned Sun Chen's decisions. Sun Chen began to be somewhat apprehensive of the young emperor.[3]

Third Rebellion in Shouchun

Further information: Third Rebellion in Shouchun

Later that year, Cao Wei's general Zhuge Dan, believing that the Wei regent Sima Zhao was about to usurp the throne, declared a rebellion and requested Wu assistance. A small Wu detachment, led by Wen Qin, himself a former Wei general who had defected to Wu, quickly arrived to assist him, but Sun Chen led the main forces and chose to camp a long distance away from Shouchun, where Zhuge Dan was being besieged by Sima Zhao, and did nothing. When Sun Chen instead ordered the general Zhu Yi to try to relieve Shouchun with tired and unfed troops, Zhu refused — and Sun Chen executed him, bringing anger from the people, who had admired Zhu's military skills and integrity. With Sun Chen unable to do anything, Zhuge Dan's rebellion failed in 258, and Wen Qin's troops became captives of Wei.[4]

Sun Chen knew that the people and the young emperor were both angry at him, and chose not to return to Jianye, but instead sent his confidants to be in charge of the capital's defences. Sun Liang became angrier, and plotted with his sister Sun Luban, the general Liu Cheng (劉丞/劉承), his father-in-law Quan Shang (全尚), and his brother-in-law Quan Ji (全記), to have Sun Chen overthrown. However, Quan Shang did not keep the plot secret from his wife, who was Sun Chen's cousin, and she told Sun Chen. Sun Chen quickly captured Quan Shang and killed Liu Cheng, and then surrounded the palace and forced the other officials to agree to depose Sun Liang — falsely declaring to the people that Sun Liang had suffered psychosis. Sun Liang was demoted to the status of a prince, "Prince of Kuaiji".[5]

Downfall and death

Sun Chen then chose Sun Liang's elder brother Sun Xiu, the Prince of Langye, as the new emperor. Sun Xiu, in order to appease Sun Chen, added five counties to his fief and created his brothers marquises as well. However, Sun Chen soon had a fallout with the new emperor over a relatively small incident — Sun Chen had brought beef and wine to the palace, intending to feast with the emperor, but Sun Xiu refused the offering, and so Sun Chen took the food and wine to the house of the general Zhang Bu. He expressed to Zhang Bu his disappointment at Sun Xiu's refusal — including a remark that perhaps he should choose another emperor — and Zhang Bu reported Sun Chen's complaints to Sun Xiu. Sun Xiu became concerned about Sun Chen, but continued to outwardly show favour to Sun Chen. Sun Chen became concerned about his standing with the emperor and offered to leave the capital Jianye (present-day Nanjing) to head up the defence of the secondary capital Wuchang (in present-day Ezhou, Hubei). Sun Xiu approved.[6]

However, Sun Xiu then became concerned that Sun Chen would take over that city and rebel. He conspired with Zhang Bu and the senior general Ding Feng to kill Sun Chen during the Laba Festival. Somehow, the news leaked, but Sun Chen, even though apprehensive, unable to decline the messengers Sun Xiu sent to invite him, showed up at the festival anyway, considering that he might leave under the excuse that his mansion had caught fire. But he failed to leave and was seized by Ding Feng and Zhang Bu's soldiers. Sun Chen begged Sun Xiu for his life, offering to be exiled to Jiao Province (present-day northern Vietnam) or to become a slave, but Sun Xiu declined — stating to Sun Chen that he did not give Teng Yin or Lü Ju those choices. Sun Chen was executed, along with members of his clan. Furthermore, Sun Xiu felt so shameful to share the clan of Sun Jun and Sun Chen that he had them posthumously banished from the Sun family, referring them as Gu Jun (故峻) and Gu Chen (故綝) instead.[7]